![]() This was what “separate but equal” meant. White schools had one teacher for every 30 students, while in the few existing black schools, each teacher was responsible for upwards of 200 students. Macon County, home of the Tuskegee Institute, spent $14 on each white child’s education but just 20 cents on each black child. The neglect the two men sought to surmount was fearsome. Jones (Photos courtesy Library of Congress) Julius Rosenwald in 1919 and albumin print of Booker T. ![]() Slightly expanded images of the eastern and western portions of the map can be found here. This is the last version, showing schools in 85 percent of Southern counties that were home to school-age black children. The unlikely partners - a former slave and a first-generation Jewish American from Chicago, a Northerner whose company was known for shipping home-building kits through the mail - provided funding, blueprints and guidance that enabled black communities in 15 states to build inviting, permanent places for their children to learn.Įvery year, the Rosenwald Fund updated a map of its schools. With a scope that would be deemed unattainable today, their audacious scheme is credited by present-day economists with having created “a new black middle class in the South.” Rosenwald recognized a kindred spirit, someone who, like him, was a fierce believer in the power of self-determination.Ī friendship sparked, and over the next 20 years the two men would team up to build more than 5,000 schoolhouses in black communities across the South, where existing facilities, in Washington’s words, were “as bad as stables” - if there were schools at all. Washington’s Up From Slavery, an account of his emancipation and founding of the Tuskegee Institute, originally a school for teachers that became one of today’s most venerated of the Historically Black Colleges and Universities. In 1910, Julius Rosenwald, president of the Sears, Roebuck mail-order empire, read Booker T.
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