In the VMS, there is also a long wall on one of the sections connecting two rosettes, but I wouldn’t describe this as a garden wall, it looks more like a long city or castle wall: The walled garden at the bottom of the Cocharelli folio, depicting game animals and the death of Philip IV, is completely surrounded by a long wall with Ghibelline merlons. This is similar to the small drawing of a walled city or castle in the upper right section of the VMS rosettes folio. The walled city has Ghibelline merlons on the front of the complex, but not the back. In the Cocharelli illustration below, the roundup of the Templars is shown in the top half of the folio. Swallowtail Merlons in the Voynich Manuscript But his dreams of a large consolidated empire withered a few months later when he suffered a stroke while hunting in northern France. In 13, King Philip had many of them burned at the stake. The Cocharelli family recorded the arrest and torture of the Templars by Philip IV for a variety of charges, such as heresy, black magic, and financial corruption. He gave important positions to his family members and even attempted to install a relative as Holy Roman Emperor to enlarge the kingdom of France. Philip IV of France (1268–1314) aggressively challenged the power of the pope and the increasingly powerful Knights Templar. In the 13th and 14th centuries, there were considerable tensions between the papacy and various kings and emperors in the late Middle Ages. In the waters of this elaborate illumination, there are four galleys from Genoa, in addition to others from Pisa and the Veneto: Since this represents the sack of Tripoli (Lebanon), it seems probable that the Ghibelline merlons are symbolic rather than literal, but installations of the Knights Templar sometimes had Ghibelline merlons, so perhaps they existed to a limited extent outside of northern Italy before the late 15th century. In the following battle scene from BL Additional 27695, there are square battlements on all the walls and towers except for the central tower, which has swallowtail Ghibelline merlons at the top. This political implication continued until about the mid-15th century after which the merlons gradually became more decorative than political (and thereafter spread to other areas). Ghibelline merlons were one way in which Italians, especially those in an east/west belt where Italy spread out into the wider geographical region of Lombardy and Bohemia, signaled their allegiance to the HRE (in opposition to the pope). Genoa was well within the purview of the Holy Roman Empire in the early 14th century (the HRE included Rome and much of Burgundy/Provençe at the time): One of the Egerton 3781 fragments includes this image of a garden fountain, and if you look closely, you will notice to the right, there is a building with arches and Ghibelline merlons. There are documents that support the presence of Pellegrino Cocharelli at some of the locations mentioned in the codex (C. It makes you wonder if the grandfather who related these stories was a seafarer who traveled widely. Parts of the manuscript are in a more eastern style and there are several black people in African dress in the main illustrations and in the borders, as well as a person in the center of a feast who looks Asian: The sequence of the illustrations is considered by researchers to be different from the original order. The illuminators are currently identified as the Master of the Cocharelli Codex (active in Genoa, c. Fragment sold as part of Eine Wiener Sammlung, Berlin ().BL Egerton 3781 – 2 fragments of a courtly garden scene.BL Egerton 3127 – 4 fragments (2 leaves) of history and natural history.BL Additional 28841 – exotic animals, marine life, insects, rodents, along with verse about the history of Sicily.
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